What is the main conflict in William Golding's "Lord of the Flies"?

The main conflict in William Golding's "Lord of the Flies" centers on the struggle between civilization and savagery. This theme is embodied in the contrasting behaviors and societal structures established by the boys who are stranded on the island. Initially, the boys attempt to uphold civilized norms, such as forming a democratic assembly and establishing rules for order and cooperation. However, as time progresses, their descent into savagery becomes evident, leading to chaos and moral degradation.

This conflict highlights the inherent duality of human nature, suggesting that beneath the veneer of civilization lies a primal instinct for violence and power. The breakdown of social order and the emergence of tribalism among the boys serve as a powerful commentary on the fragility of civility in the face of intrinsic human impulses. The tension between these opposing forces is crucial in understanding the overarching message of the novel regarding human nature, morality, and the structure of society.