What does the term “bildungsroman” refer to in literature?

The term “bildungsroman” specifically refers to a genre of literature that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of a character from youth to adulthood. This type of narrative explores the formative years of the protagonist, often detailing their education, experiences, and the challenges they face as they develop and seek their place in the world. Key characteristics include the character’s coming of age, self-discovery, and the impact of social and personal influences on their journey. Works such as "David Copperfield" by Charles Dickens and "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger exemplify this genre, as they delve deeply into the protagonists' internal struggles and personal growth throughout their formative experiences.

The other choices do not align with this specific definition. While a novel about a historical event might focus on significant occurrences in history, it does not inherently involve personal development. A story involving a hero's journey typically centers on adventure and external conflicts rather than the internal growth of a character. A collection of short stories, on the other hand, would consist of multiple narratives, which may or may not include themes of personal development but does not fit the singular focus found in a bildungsroman. Thus, the correct understanding of “bildungsroman” centers